Chronicles of nature calendar, a long-term and large-scale multitaxon database on phenology

We present an extensive, large-scale, long-term and multitaxon database on phenological and climatic variation, involving 506,186 observation dates acquired in 471 localities in Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan. The data cover the period 1890-2018, with 96% of the data being from 1960 onwards. The database is rich in plants, birds and climatic events, but also includes insects, amphibians, reptiles and fungi. The database includes multiple events per species, such as the onset days of leaf unfolding and leaf fall for plants, and the days for first spring and last autumn occurrences for birds. The data were acquired using standardized methods by permanent staff of national parks and nature reserves (87% of the data) and members of a phenological observation network (13% of the data). The database is valuable for exploring how species respond in their phenology to climate change. Large-scale analyses of spatial variation in phenological response can help to better predict the consequences of species and community responses to climate change.Peer reviewe

Phenological shifts of abiotic events, producers and consumers across a continent

Ongoing climate change can shift organism phenology in ways that vary depending on species, habitats and climate factors studied. To probe for large-scale patterns in associated phenological change, we use 70,709 observations from six decades of systematic monitoring across the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Among 110 phenological events related to plants, birds, insects, amphibians and fungi, we find a mosaic of change, defying simple predictions of earlier springs, later autumns and stronger changes at higher latitudes and elevations. Site mean temperature emerged as a strong predictor of local phenology, but the magnitude and direction of change varied with trophic level and the relative timing of an event. Beyond temperature-associated variation, we uncover high variation among both sites and years, with some sites being characterized by disproportionately long seasons and others by short ones. Our findings emphasize concerns regarding ecosystem integrity and highlight the difficulty of predicting climate change outcomes. The authors use systematic monitoring across the former USSR to investigate phenological changes across taxa. The long-term mean temperature of a site emerged as a strong predictor of phenological change, with further imprints of trophic level, event timing, site, year and biotic interactions.Peer reviewe

Mental and Ethical Aspects in Juvenile-Oriented Brand Development Психологические и этические аспекты развития бренда с ориентацией на детскую аудиторию

This article is dedicated to mental and ethical aspects that arise in the process of developing brands for a juvenile target group. A highly optimized way of discerning and satisfying the emotional demands of children and rational motives of their parents is proposed. To create a trademark concept that accounts for interaction of complex systems in a state of unsteady equilibrium, a matrix of dual-targeting trademark creation is developed.<br>Статья посвящена морально-этическим аспектам, которые возникают в процессе разработки бренда для детской аудитории. Предложен оптимальный вариант выявления и удовлетворения эмоциональных потребностей детской аудитории и рациональных мотивов их родителей. Для создания концепции торговой марки, учитывающей взаимодействие сложных систем в области неустойчивого равновесия, разработана матрица создания торговой марки в условиях двоичного таргетирования

Organisational culture as a socio-economic phenomenon in the context of the modern management paradigm

The article studies cognitive component of the “organisational culture” category and marks our three groups of approaches to the aspect description of the studied category: aspects of the organisational culture formed by the control system; aspects of the organisational culture inherent in the controlled system; and universal aspects inherent in both control and controlled systems. The article provides the authors’ definition of the organisational culture as a complex element of the internal environment of the organisation that has certain phenomenological properties (synergy, dynamics, uniqueness, adaptability, mentality, hierarchy, aggregation, communicativeness and sociality); integrating spiritual, material, static and procedural elements with the aim of formation of a single management philosophy for ensuring external adaptation and efficient functioning of an enterprise. The article establishes the role and place of the organisational culture as a socio-economic phenomenon in the context of the modern management paradigm through specification of prerequisites of formation and development of the neo-classical concept of the organisational culture; features of the modern management paradigm; phenomenological properties of the culture; factors of influence upon the organisational culture and tendencies of development of the phenomenon of the national organisational culture

Glass Formation in the Bi2O3 – B2O3. Thermal Stability and Glass Structure

В статье представлены результаты исследования влияния особенностей получения стекол на концентрационные интервалы стеклообразования в бинарной системе оксид висмута (III) – оксид бора. Установлено, что изменение способа закалки расплава и связанное с ним повышение скорости охлаждения приводят к расширению концентрационного интервала стеклования: при охлаждении расплава в тигле стекла образуются в интервале концентраций 35–45 мол.% Bi2O3, закалка на металлической пластине позволяет получать стекла в интервале 30–55 мол.% Bi2O3, а сдавливание расплава между двумя холодными медными пластинами – в интервале 30–70 мол.% Bi2O3. Исследованы концентрационные зависимости мольных объемов стекол и парциальных мольных объемов оксидов висмута и бора, которые совместно с результатами ИК-Фурье спектроскопии указывают на постепенное изменение в интервале 40–50 мол.% Bi2O3 координационного числа бора в стекле с 4 до 3. Рассчитанные по результатам неизотермической кристаллизации стекла кажущиеся энергии активации кристаллизации понижаются с ростом температуры кристаллизации и при увеличении содержания оксида бораThere are data dedicated to the features of synthesis of glasses in the system of bismuth borates introduced in the paper. It was shown that an increase of melt cooling rate leads to widening of glassforming region: at a cooling of melt in crucible glasses forms in concentration area 35–45 mol.% Bi2O3, quenching on the metal plate yield glasses at 30–55 mol.% Bi2O3 area, and squeezing of melt between cold copper plates yield glasses at 30–70 mol.% Bi2O3 area. Concentration dependences of molar volumes of glasses were measured and partial molar volumes of bismuth and boron oxides were calculated. In agreement with FTIR spectroscopic data confirmed decrees or boron coordination number from 4 to 3 with increase of containing of bismuth, conversion occurs gradually at concentration 40–50 мол.% Bi2O3. In non-isothermal routine the apparent activation energy of glass crystallization was evaluated, it was shown that with addition of boron oxide that value decreases and crystallization temperature increase

Crystal structure of copper perchlorophthalo­cyanine analysed by 3D electron diffraction

Copper perchlorophthalo­cyanine (CuPcCl16, CuC32N8Cl16, Pigment Green 7) is one of the commercially most important green pigments. The compound is a nanocrystalline fully insoluble powder. Its crystal structure was first addressed by electron diffraction in 1972 [Uyeda et al. (1972). J. Appl. Phys. 43, 5181–5189]. Despite the commercial importance of the compound, the crystal structure remained undetermined until now. Using a special vacuum sublimation technique, micron-sized crystals could be obtained. Three-dimensional electron diffraction (3D ED) data were collected in two ways: (i) in static geometry using a combined stage-tilt/beam-tilt collection scheme and (ii) in continuous rotation mode. Both types of data allowed the crystal structure to be solved by direct methods. The structure was refined kinematically with anisotropic displacement parameters for all atoms. Due to the pronounced crystal mosaicity, a dynamic refinement was not feasible. The unit-cell parameters were verified by Rietveld refinement from powder X-ray diffraction data. The crystal structure was validated by many-body dispersion density functional theory (DFT) calculations. CuPcCl16 crystallizes in the space group C2/m (Z = 2), with the molecules arranged in layers. The structure agrees with that proposed in 1972

Effect of impregnation on the structure of niobium oxide/alumina catalysts studied by multinuclear solid-state NMR, FTIR, and quantum chemical calculations

Multinuclear solid-state 1H, 27Al, and 93Nb NMR experiments and DFT calculations were carried out for structura

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Study of the Interaction of Surface Titanium Species with AlR₃ Cocatalyst in Supported Ziegler–Natta Catalysts with a Low Titanium Content

The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method was used to investigate the formation of alkylated Ti­(III) species in superactive titanium–magnesium catalysts with a low titanium content during their interaction with an organoaluminum activator (AlMe₃), as well as the interaction of alkylated Ti­(III) surface species with carbon monoxide. EPR data on the content of alkylated Ti­(III) species in these catalysts agree well with the number of Ti–R bonds that are determined after the interaction of radioactive carbon monoxide (¹⁴CO) with catalyst activated by triethylaluminum in the absence of monomer. Parameters of EPR spectra of the Ti­(III) species having different structure and composition on the surface of titanium–magnesium catalysts were calculated by quantum-chemical simulations. The calculated <i>g</i>-values are consistent with the <i>g</i>-values observed in EPR spectra of the catalysts. Analysis of the literature data and results of our study made it possible to propose the parameters of EPR spectra characterizing the alkylated Ti­(III) species that can serve as precursors of the active sites in supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts